How It Works

Open Research Europe publishes articles across the Natural Sciences, Engineering and Technology, Medical Sciences, Agricultural Sciences, Social Sciences and Humanities stemming from Horizon 2020 funding.

Each publication must have at least one author who has been, or still is, a recipient of a Horizon 2020 grant.

Articles must be original (not duplications). All research is welcome and will be published irrespective of the perceived level of interest or novelty; confirmatory and negative results, as well as null studies are all suitable. Access the full list of article types we accept for more information.

All articles are published using a fully transparent model; the authors are solely responsible for the content of their article. Invited peer review takes place openly after publication and once peer review has been completed and the platform has been formally approved by bibliographic databases, articles that pass peer review will be indexed there.

Open Research Europe is an Open Research platform: all articles are published open access under a CC-BY license; the publishing and peer-review processes are fully transparent; and where applicable, authors are asked to include detailed descriptions of methods and to provide full and easy access to the source data underlying the results in order to improve reproducibility.

Article submissions to Open Research Europe undergo a rapid and rigorous check undertaken by the in-house editorial team before being published as a preprint with the status ‘Awaiting Peer Review’. There is no Editor (or Editor-in-Chief) to make a decision on whether to accept or reject the article, or to oversee the peer-review process.

The editorial team will ensure that the authors are eligible to publish on Open Research Europe and that articles represent scholarly communications that adhere to author guidelines and the ethical and editorial policies, including data policies. The team will also check that the article is intelligible and written in good English so that it is suitable for peer review, and that its content can be fully assessed by invited peer reviewers and readers. If a submission fails the initial checks it will be returned to the authors to address the issues, and if they are not resolved satisfactorily the article will not be accepted.

Peer review of articles published in Open Research Europe takes place after publication; once the article is published, expert reviewers are invited. The peer review is administered on behalf of the authors by the editorial team, and authors are asked not to contact the reviewers directly.

The peer review process is entirely open and transparent: each review, plus the approval status selected by the reviewer, is published with the reviewer's name and affiliation alongside the article. Peer reviews are published after an editorial check and the peer review status of the article is updated with every published peer review.

The Editorial team will identify and invite suitable reviewers, however authors are able to suggest their own reviewers (in line with our reviewer criteria) and nominate opposed reviewers if they wish. Authors can suggest reviewers who they know are experts in their fields, and we also provide a tool which uses an algorithm to suggest potential reviewers who have published on the topic presented in the article. Authors are asked not to contact peer reviewers directly about the peer review process.

When selecting reviewers, authors must apply the following criteria:

1. Scientific expertise: reviewers must have demonstrated expertise in the key topics of the study presented and/or the methods used. They must have published at least three articles as a lead author in a relevant topic, with at least one article having been published in the last five years.
2. Level of experience: reviewers must have reached a certain level of qualification (in the life sciences, usually a PhD or MD) and have a formal appointment at a recognised institution or organization.
3. Independence: reviewers must not be working at the same institute as the authors, should not be close collaborators of the authors or in other ways personally, financially or professionally associated with them. Reviewers must declare any conflicts of interest on the published peer review.

Reviewers are given guidelines specific to each article type. They are generally asked to assess whether the research is technically sound and of academic merit, that is:

• whether the work is discussed appropriately in the context of the current literature;
• whether suitable methods have been used;
• whether sufficient information and source data have been provided to allow others to repeat every step of the work;
• whether the conclusions are supported by the findings.

In addition to their written review, reviewers also select one of three statuses:

• Approved: No or only minor changes are required. This means that the experimental design, including controls and methods, is adequate; results are presented accurately and the conclusions are justified and supported by the data.
• Approved with Reservations: The reviewer believes the article has academic merit, but has asked for a number of small changes to the article, or specific, sometimes more significant revisions.
• Not Approved: The article is of very poor quality and there are fundamental flaws in the article that seriously undermine the findings and conclusions.

The approval status is shown on the article, together with the reviewer's name and affiliation, and the detailed review supporting the status they selected.

If an author decides to revise the article to address the reviewers' comments, all reviewers are invited to provide additional reviews on the new version; reviewers are especially encouraged to re-review if they had originally given an ‘Approved with Reservations’ or ‘Not Approved’ status, as they are asked to assess whether the work has been sufficiently improved to achieve a better approval status.

Reviewers who have been invited to assess a specific article may find these at-a-glance reviewer guidelines helpful.

We strongly encourage authors to address the reviewers' criticisms by publishing revised versions and/or by adding author comments to the peer reviews.

All versions of an article are publicly available and can be independently cited, but the latest version will be displayed as the default on Open Research Europe. A short summary of the revisions is displayed at the start of each new version.

All articles are ‘living’, even after peer review is complete: authors can publish an updated version of their articles at any time if there have been small developments relevant to the findings.

The peer review status of an article is clearly indicated at all stages:

• Immediately on publication, and until the first peer review is published, the preprint is labelled AWAITING PEER REVIEW - as part of the title and in the Open Peer Review summary box on both the article HTML and PDF.
• As soon as a peer review is published alongside the article, the current approval status is displayed. As additional reviews are received, the approval status is updated.
• Once Open Research Europe has been approved by bibliographic databases, articles that pass peer review (receive two ‘Approved’ statuses, or two ‘Approved with Reservations’ statuses and one ‘Approved’ status), will be indexed there.
• Once an article has passed peer review it will be sent to compatible repositories.

Open Research Europe articles are published under a CC BY license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and leaves the copyright of the article with the current copyright holder (usually the author or their institution). As the specific version of the CC BY license applied to specific content may change due to periodic updates, the license is shown below the article abstract.

Data associated with Open Research Europe articles are made available, where possible, under the terms of a Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication (CC0 license). This facilitates and encourages data re-use and helps prevent the problems of attribution stacking when combining multiple datasets each authored by multiple authors that use multiple different licenses.

Peer reviews that are published with a given article are available under the CC BY license.

Articles in Open Research Europe can be updated and amended at any time post publication, but each version is independently citable with its own DOI (digital object identifier). The most recent version is displayed as the default. The citation can be found by clicking the Cite button on the article page.

Every article is indexed by the CrossMark Identification Service™, which summarizes the history of an article and any linked publications. Clicking on the CrossMark logo in the HTML or PDF of the article provides up-to-date information on the latest article version, as well as new peer reviews and any associated articles (which will be linked [threaded] together).

Standard citation approaches are insufficient for Open Research Europe articles because:

• The reviewer status of an article will change after publication
• An article may have multiple versions following revision or update by the authors

After discussion with major indexing services and others, the traditional system of citation has been adapted to include an indication of the reviewer status and the version of an article.

This citation includes two additional elements, placed in square brackets, immediately after the article title (to avoid them being accidentally removed on copying):

1. Article version number, for example version 1 for the first version, and version 2 for the next version, and so on.
2. Details of the peer review status, i.e. number of reviews that are ‘Approved’, ‘Approved with Reservations’, or ‘Not Approved’. The status will be ‘Awaiting Peer Review’ before the reviews are published.

An article should be cited like this:

Authors. Article title [version number; details of peer review status]. Open Res Europe Year, Volume: Publication number (doi)

Source datasets associated with Open Research Europe articles are deposited in repositories that meet certain criteria. Articles include a Data Availability Statement section outlining where the source data can be found, including the permanent identifier the dataset(s) have been assigned by the repository and a reference with details of how to cite the dataset(s).

Peer reviews on Open Research Europe articles are published under a CC BY license. A DOI is assigned to every peer review, so it can be cited independently from the article. The full citation can be found by clicking the Cite button next to each peer review on the article page.

A peer review should be cited like this:

Peer Review For: Article title [version number; details of peer review status]. Open Res Europe Year, Volume: Publication number (review doi)

We encourage constructive debate on articles published in Open Research Europe.

To submit a comment about the article in general, either click the link to ‘Add a comment’ in the side bar or go to the end of the article page and click ‘Comment’. To comment on a particular peer review, click the link to read the review in the table in the side bar and then click ‘Respond’. You will be prompted to login to/register an account before you can comment. Comments are automatically labelled with your role, be it author, reviewer or reader.